企业所得税汇算清缴政策问答

2011年1月

v一、原政策的效力问题

v 按照《企业所得税法》第六十条的规定，1991年4月9日第七届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》和1993年12月13日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国企业所得税暂行条例》同时废止。

v 依据原《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》和《中华人民共和国企业所得税暂行条例》制定的各类规章、规范性文件和管理制度均废止v已使用并提取折旧或进行摊销，在确定视同销售收入时是否应按企业同类资产同期对外销售价格确定销售收入？

v 答：按照《国家税务总局关于做好2009年度企业所得税汇算清缴工作的通知 》（国税函[2010]148号）第三条第（八）款的规定，《国家税务总局关于企业处置资产所得税处理问题的通知》（国税函〔2008〕828号）第三条规定，企业处置外购资产按购入时的价格确定销售收入，是指企业处置该项资产不是以销售为目的，而是具有替代职工福利等费用支出性质，且购买后一般在一个纳税年度内处置。

v 对于企业已使用并提取折旧或进行摊销的外购资产，发生视同销售情形的，如不符合国税函[2010]148号第三条第（八）款规定的条件，应按公允价值确定视同销售收入。

v （二）以非货币性资产投资视同销售问题

v 问：企业以股权等非货币性资产进行投资，投出的资产是否视同销售或转让资产？

v 答：按照《国家税务总局关于企业处置资产所得税处理问题的通知》（国税函[2008]828号）第二条的规定，企业将资产移送他人的，如资产所有权属发生改变，应按规定视同销售确定收入。

v 企业以股权等非货币性资产进行投资，参照《中华人民共和国公司法》的规定，应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续，当股权等非货币性资产的所有权属发生改变时，应视同销售或转让资产。

v （三）企业取得代扣代缴税款返还手续费的税务处理问题

v 问：1、代扣代缴个人所得税返还的2%手续费和代扣代缴企业所得税返还的手续费如何进行税务处理？ 

v 答：按照《企业所得税法》第六条的规定，企业以货币形式和非货币形式从各种来源取得的收入为收入总额，企业代扣代缴个人所得税返还的2%手续费和代扣代缴企业所得税返还的手续费应计入企业的收入总额；

v 按照《企业所得税法》第五条的规定，企业每一纳税年度的收入总额，减除不征税收入、免税收入、各项扣除以及允许弥补的以前年度亏损后的余额，为应纳税所得额。

v 按照《财政部国家税务总局关于财政性资金 行政事业性收费 政府性基金有关企业所得税政策问题的通知》（财税[2008]151号）和《财政部 国家税务总局关于专项用途财政性资金有关企业所得税处理问题的通知》（财税[2009]87号）的规定，企业代扣代缴个人所得税返还的手续费和代扣代缴企业所得税返还的手续费均不属于不征税收入，《企业所得税法》也未规定其作为免税收入，因此企业因代扣代缴个人所得税或企业所得税取得的返还手续费应计入企业的应纳税所得额，计征企业所得税。

v （四）问：资产评估时发生增值，对增值部分是否需要缴纳企业所得税？

v 根据《实施条例》第五十六条的规定，企业持有各项资产期间资产增值或者减值，除国务院财政、税务主管部门规定可以确认损益外，不得调整该资产的计税基础。目前政策未规定企业资产评估时发生的增值应确认损益计征企业所得税，因此，企业的资产评估增值不需计征企业所得税，不得调整评估前该项资产的计税基础。

v （五）问：企业新增注册资本带来的资本公积增加是否计征企业所得税？

v 答：企业因注资而带来的资本公积增加不作为企业的收入总额，因此其不参与企业应纳税所得额的计算，不需计征企业所得税。

v （六）国资委在法人企业间无偿划拨资产的税务处理

v 问：国资委在法人企业间无偿划拨资产如何进行税务处理？

v 答：在总局未具体明确前，按照《实施条例》第二十五条以及《国家税务总局关于企业处置资产所得税处理问题的通知》（国税函[2008]828号）的规定，法人企业间虽是无偿划拨资产，但资产的所有权已经发生了转移，应当视同销售，按公允价值确认视同销售收入，并以此计算资产处置所得或损失。

v 三、扣除的问题

v  （一）问：某企业2009年发放给管理人员的工资通过“借：管理费用；贷：应付工资”进行核算，对于该企业2009年已计入“应付工资”科目但尚未发放的工资按照《国家税务总局关于企业工资薪金及职工福利费扣除问题的通知》（国税函[2009]3号，以下简称国税函[2009]3号）的规定，不得从2009年度税前扣除，当年该企业进行了纳税调增。2010年2月，该企业向员工发放了这部分已于2009年做纳税调增的工资，其在2010年度纳税申报时能否进行纳税调减？

v  答：按照国税函[2009]3号的规定，该企业2009年已计入“应付工资”科目但未发放，并已做纳税调增的工资，在2010年2月向本企业任职的员工发放时允许从税前扣除。因2010年会计核算中不再列支此部分工资，2010年纳税申报时可以通过纳税调减的方式将此部分工资从税前扣除。

v （二）问：按照政策规定企业在科委登记的合同，可以按比例提取技术交易奖酬金下发给科研人员，企业发放给科研人员的奖酬金是否计入工资薪金总额？

v 答：实施新企业所得税法后，企业向任职或受雇的员工实际发放的技术交易奖酬金，在会计核算中如未通过企业的留存收益进行核算，按照《实施条例》第三十四条的规定，应作为企业发放给职工的奖金计入工资薪金支出按有关规定从税前扣除。

v （三）问：2009年内退人员的一次性补偿款是否可以从税前扣除？集团要求内退人员的补偿款从企业未分配利润中提取并用于以后年度的列支，在纳税时是否可以做纳税调减？

v 答：企业与职工解除劳动合同而支付的合理的补偿款，属于与生产经营有关的必要而合理的支出，允许据实扣除。本期提而未付的金额，不得在本期扣除，实际支付时，作纳税调减处理。

v 内退人员的补偿款从未分配利润中提取并用于以后年度的列支，在国家税务总局未做进一步明确前，在计算应纳税所得额时不予从税前扣除，不予做纳税调减。

v （四）职工福利费支出的扣除问题

v 1、问：企业为职工卫生保健、生活、住房、交通等所发放的各项补贴和非货币性福利作为福利费支出处理，税务机关对于这部分补贴，是否要求是按月发放的货币性福利，若为报销形式，或者企业直接租房而提供给职工住宿，是否可以同样视为补贴，计入福利费

v 答：按照《国家税务总局关于企业工资薪金及职工福利费扣除问题的通知》（国税函[2009]3号）第三条第（二）款的规定，企业为职工卫生保健、生活、住房、交通等所发放的各项补贴和非货币性福利列入职工福利费支出的内容。因此企业以货币形式和向职工提供住房供其居住等非货币形式的支出应列入职工福利费的内容，不作为企业的工资薪金支出。

v 2、问：企业按月支付的独生子女补助在企业所得税上如何认定？能否计入工资总额？

v 答：按照国税函[2009]3号的规定，企业职工福利费包括为职工生活所发放的各项补贴和非货币性福利，企业按国家有关规定发放的独生子女补助作为企业为职工生活而发放的补贴应计入职工福利费。

v （五）问：企业在购买机票时未支付航空保险，但统一为每名在职职工预先购买了交通意外保险，以保证无论哪名员工出差都可以享受保险保证，请问企业统一为在职职工购买的交通意外保险费所得税前是否可以扣除？

v 答：按照《实施条例》第三十六条的规定，除依照国家有关规定为特殊工种职工支付的人身安全保险费和国务院财政、税务主管部门规定可以扣除的其他商业保险费外，为职工支付的其他商业保险费，不得扣除。因此在财政部和国家税务总局未规定前，对于企业统一为每名在职职工购买的交通意外保险不可以从税前扣除。

v （六）问：《企业所得税法》第十八条规定：企业纳税年度发生的亏损，准予向以后年度结转，用以后年度的所得弥补，但结转年限最长不得超过五年。纳税人是否必须逐年弥补亏损，可否在5年内任意跳越式弥补？

v 答：应逐年弥补亏损。

v四、资产的税务处理问题

v （一）以公允价值模式计量的投资性房地产的税务处理问题

v 问：以公允价值模式计量的投资性房地产在进行税务处理时能否计算折旧或摊销从税前扣除？

v 答：以公允价值模式计量的投资性房地产按照《会计准则》的规定，是以公允价值的变动计算相应的损益，不计提折旧。《企业所得税法》未对以公允价值模式计量的投资性房地产做特殊规定，因此其税务处理应按税法对资产的一般性规定进行处理。在实际征管中，凡符合税法规定的固定资产、无形资产，应按税法规定计算折旧、摊销，并准予扣除。会计与税法不一致的，应按照税法规定调整。

v （二）问：企业外购的土地和房屋的金额无法分开核算，是否可以一并计入固定资产按固定资产的折旧年限折旧？如企业是购买土地自建房屋，金额也无法分开核算，是否要分别计提折旧或摊销？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

v 答：企业外购房屋，如土地使用权与建筑物金额无法分开核算，相关土地使用权可与建筑物一并计入固定资产按固定资产的折旧年限折旧。如企业购买土地自建房屋，相关土地使用权与建筑物应分别处理。

v  （三）土地使用权的摊销年限问题

v  1、新法实施前内资企业购入土地使用权的摊销年限问题

v  问：某内资企业2006年购入使用期为30年的土地使用权，按30年摊销。新企业所得税法实施后，规定无形资产的摊销年限不得低于10年，现企业希望调整为按10年摊销，能否调整？如何调整？

v  答：按照原《中华人民共和国企业所得税暂行条例实施细则》第三十三条的规定，受让或投资的无形资产，法律和合同或者企业申请书分别规定有效期限和受益期限的，按法定有效期限与合同或企业申请书中规定的受益年限孰短原则摊销。该内资企业2006年购入的土地使用权由于使用期限为30年，因此其在2006年应按30年确定摊销年限。实施新企业所得税法后，政策未规定企业以前年度已确定的无形资产摊销年限可以进行调整，因此应按原政策确定的摊销年限（30年）执行到期。

v 2、新法实施后企业购入土地使用权的摊销年限问题

v 问：企业2010年新取得的使用期为30年的土地使用权能否按照不低于10年的规定进行摊销？

v 答：按照《实施条例》第六十七条的规定，无形资产的摊销年限不得低于10年，但作为投资或者受让的无形资产，有关法律规定或者合同约定了使用年限的，可以按照规定或者约定的使用年限分期摊销。通常情况下有关法律规定或者合同约定土地使用权的使用年限即是其使用寿命，因此按照合理性原则企业2010年新取得的使用期为30年的土地使用权应按30年进行摊销。

v （四）固定资产残值合理性的确认问题

v 问：新企业所得税法没有具体规定固定资产的净残值率，只规定由企业合理确定固定资产的预计净残值，净残值一经确定，不得变更。按照新企业所得税法的规定是否允许企业不设净残值率？